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โ† Grammar
A1Verbs

Essere & Avere

Present tense of 'to be' and 'to have'

Essere (to be) and avere (to have) are the two most important verbs in Italian. They're irregular, they're the most frequent words in the language, and they power most compound tenses.

Essere โ€” to be

Used for identity, origin, permanent states, and as a linking verb.

  • Sono italiano.I am Italian.
  • Siamo a Roma.We are in Rome.
  • รˆ molto alto.He is very tall.

Avere โ€” to have

Used for possession, age, and many common expressions (hunger, thirst, cold, fear).

  • Ho una macchina.I have a car.
  • Ho 25 anni.I am 25 years old. (lit: 'I have 25 years')
  • Hanno fame.They are hungry. (lit: 'They have hunger')

Present tense conjugations

Pronounessere (to be)avere (to have)
iosonoho
tuseihai
lui / leiรจha
noisiamoabbiamo
voisieteavete
lorosonohanno

Note: 'ho', 'hai', 'ha', 'hanno' all have a silent h.