Essere (to be) and avere (to have) are the two most important verbs in Italian. They're irregular, they're the most frequent words in the language, and they power most compound tenses.
Essere โ to be
Used for identity, origin, permanent states, and as a linking verb.
- Sono italiano.I am Italian.
- Siamo a Roma.We are in Rome.
- ร molto alto.He is very tall.
Avere โ to have
Used for possession, age, and many common expressions (hunger, thirst, cold, fear).
- Ho una macchina.I have a car.
- Ho 25 anni.I am 25 years old. (lit: 'I have 25 years')
- Hanno fame.They are hungry. (lit: 'They have hunger')
Present tense conjugations
| Pronoun | essere (to be) | avere (to have) |
|---|---|---|
| io | sono | ho |
| tu | sei | hai |
| lui / lei | รจ | ha |
| noi | siamo | abbiamo |
| voi | siete | avete |
| loro | sono | hanno |
Note: 'ho', 'hai', 'ha', 'hanno' all have a silent h.