Grammar
Structured lessons from beginner to advanced, grouped by CEFR level.
0 of 12 available lessons completed · 36 more coming soon
A1Beginner
10 topicsArticles
Definite and indefinite articles
Noun gender & plurals
Masculine, feminine, and how to form plurals
Subject pronouns
io, tu, lui / lei, noi, voi, loro
Essere & Avere
Present tense of 'to be' and 'to have'
Present — regular -are verbs
Conjugating the most common verb type
Present — regular -ere / -ire verbs
The other two regular verb patterns
Adjective agreement
Adjectives change ending to match the noun
Possessive adjectives
my, your, his, her, our, their
Prepositions I — forms & basics
di, a, da, in, su, con, per, tra/fra and articulated forms
Questions & negatives
Asking questions and saying 'not'
A2Elementary
12 topicsPrepositions II — place, time & motion
a vs in, di vs da, and the many jobs of da
Stare vs essere
Two verbs for 'to be' — when to use which
Passato prossimo — regular
The most common past tense
Passato prossimo — irregular
Irregular past participles
Imperfetto
The continuous/habitual past
Imperfetto vs passato prossimo
When to use which past tense
Future tense
Talking about the future
Direct object pronouns
lo, la, li, le
Indirect object pronouns
mi, ti, gli, le, ci, vi
Reflexive verbs
alzarsi, lavarsi, vestirsi
Modal verbs
dovere, potere, volere
Comparatives & superlatives
più, meno, il più…
B1Intermediate
10 topicsRelative pronouns
che, cui, il quale
Ne and ci
The tricky little particles
Passato remoto
The literary past tense
Present subjunctive
Expressing doubt, opinion, wish
Past subjunctive
Congiuntivo passato
Si impersonale
Generic 'one' / 'you' / 'they'
Imperative
Commands and requests
Conditional
'Would' and polite requests
Stare + gerundio
Continuous action
Double object pronouns
glielo, me lo, te la…
B2Upper intermediate
9 topicsImperfect subjunctive
For past hypotheticals
Conditional perfect
Past hypotheticals
Hypothetical periods
If-clauses (3 types)
Reported speech
Indirect discourse
Passive voice
Essere / venire + past participle
Subjunctive triggers
Expressions that force the subjunctive
Adverb formation
-mente adverbs and exceptions
Prefixes & word formation
Building words with prefixes
Congiuntivo trapassato
Past perfect subjunctive
C1Advanced
7 topicsGerundio assoluto
Standalone gerund clauses
Participio passato constructions
Absolute past participle
Subjunctive in concessive clauses
Sebbene, benché, per quanto…
Advanced connectors
Formal discourse markers
Stylistic variants
Literary vs colloquial forms
Lo as neuter pronoun
Referring to whole clauses
Si passivante vs si impersonale
Subtle distinction for natives